Illegal Gambling Law In The Philippines
Understanding the legal landscape for gambling in the Philippines is an important part of betting entertainment. It is also the best way to ensure you don’t end up on the wrong side of the tracks when enjoying some responsible gambling action. The good news is that the Philippines offer a gambling friendly environment and recognize the benefits of a strong, regulated gambling industry and the revenue it can bring into the region. This section of our website was created to provide potential players with some insight into the legalities surrounding gambling in the Philippines. It is not intended to substitute for professional legal advice or services, but rather is intended to serve as a guide for those seeking data that allows them to make informed decisions regarding legal online and offline gambling options.
- Social Gambling States Illegal
- Legal And Illegal Gambling In The Philippines
- How To Report Illegal Gambling
- Is Online Gambling Illegal
Types of Illegal Gambling in The Philippines Various games turn from legal to illegal when the wagers no longer transpire between players and a legally licensed and regulated operator but rather when bets become a peer-to-peer game where the “house” takes a rake of the profit which thus makes it illegal. Tougher Philippine gambling laws should scare more people away from illegal activities and in turn create more revenue for the casinos and the government. Illegal gambling has always plagued the Philippines, expect to see more tough laws come into play until the government sees a dramatic drop in illegal gambling activities.
Are Casinos Legal in the Philippines?
There are a number of land based casinos in the Philippines, located throughout the two gaming districts located among the islands. The primary district is the government-run region. The gambling industry in this region is regulated and tightly controlled by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR). PAGCOR is a state owned entity, and is responsible for licensing and operations of all the land based casinos and/or betting outlets. There are approximately 42 land based casinos that are regulated by PAGCOR. Both Filipinos and international players may visit and enjoy the gambling options at the casinos and betting outlets that are run by PAGCOR.
The second gambling district is known as the Cagayan Special Economic Zone and Freeport. The independent casinos operating in the Cagayan Freeport district are licensed and regulated through the First Cagayan Leisure and Resort Corp (FCLRC). The casinos operating under the watchful eye of FCLRC gaming commission were initially only allowed to accept tourists as customers. However, this was changed in 2011, and Filipinos who stay at one of the casino resorts in the Freeport Zone are now categorized as tourists, and can legally enjoy the gambling options offered here. So to answer the original question, yes, gambling is legal in the Philippines.
Are Online Casinos Legal in the Philippines?
The Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation does license and regulate online gambling businesses, however these businesses are not allowed to offer their services to Filipino residents. There are no statutes within the Philippines gambling laws that prohibit Filipino residents from participating on legally licensed offshore betting sites. In addition, the FCLRC in the Cagayan Freeport district is an online gambling licensing jurisdiction, and at this time is the only one of its kind in all of Asia. Online gambling sites that are regulated by the FCLRC are prohibited by law from offering their services to residents of the Philippines.
Online gambling laws in the Philippines are all directed towards owner/operators and not players. While Filipino players may not have access to any local or state based online casinos, there are no restrictions placed upon them concerning offshore casino gambling. In fact, a court ruling in 2012 clarified that there are indeed no provisions within Philippines Law, including Presidential Decree 1602, that make it illegal for citizens to place bets. Hence, Filipino residents are free to play online casino games for real money wherever they so choose. Our guide here at legal casinos Philippines offers our own personal recommendations on which sites are not only reputable, but that are also legally licensed to accept Filipino players.
What is the Legal Gambling Age in the Philippines?
The minimum legal gambling age in the Philippines is 21 years of age. Underage gambling is taken very seriously by Filipino law enforcement, with strict penalties administered to anyone who knowingly accepts bets or wagers from an underage player. This is the law of the land, and also applies to offshore online gambling. Even if an online casino, sportsbook or poker room accepts players before their 21st birthday, Filipino residents are still bound by the legal gambling age of 21 and will be violating that law should they engage in online gambling below that minimum age requirement.
Are All Legally Licensed Offshore Online Casinos Safe?
No they are not. Just because a site is operating legally does not mean they are operating ethically. We strongly recommend that you consider the input of industry professionals who have vetted and reviewed online casinos to ensure you don’t land at a questionable or undesirable casino destination. Professional online gambling analysts who are experts in vetting the quality of legitimately licensed and regulated online casinos have approved the recommendations found in this guide.
Twelfth Congress
Third Regular Session
Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-eight day of July, two thousand three.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 9287 April 2, 2004
AN ACT INCREASING THE PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAMES, AMENDING CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1602, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippine Congress Assembled:
Section 1.Declaration of Policy. - It is the policy of the State to promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. It is likewise the policy of the State that the promotion of social justice shall include the commitment to create economic opportunities based on freedom of initiative and self-reliance.
Hence, the State hereby condemns the existence of illegal gambling activities such as illegal numbers games as this has become an influential factor in an individual's disregard for the value of dignified work, perseverance and thrift since instant monetary gains from it are being equated to success, thereby becoming a widespread social menace and a source of corruption.
Towards this end, the State shall therefore adopt more stringent measures to stop and eradicate the existence of illegal numbers games in any part of the country.
Sec. 2.Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean:
a) Illegal Numbers Game. - Any form illegal gambling activity which uses numbers or combinations thereof as factors in giving out jackpots.
b) Jueteng. - An illegal numbers game that involves the combination of thirty-seven (37) numbers against thirty-seven (37) numbers from number one (1) to thirty seven (37) or the combination of thirty-eight (38) numbers in some areas, serving as a form of local lottery where bets are placed and accepted per combination, and its variants.
c) Masiao. - An illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived from the results of the last game of Jai Alai or the Special Llave portion or any result thereof based on any fictitious Jai Alai game consisting of ten (10) players pitted against one another, and its variants.
d) Last Two. - An illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived from the last two (2) numbers of the first prize of the winning Sweepstakes ticket which comes out during the weekly draw of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO), and its variants.
e) Bettor ('Mananaya', 'Tayador' or variants thereof). - Any person who places bets for himself/herself or in behalf of another person, or any person, other than the personnel or staff of any illegal numbers game operation.
f) Personnel or Staff of Illegal Numbers Game Operation. - Any person, who acts in the interest of the maintainer, manager or operator, such as, but not limited to, an accountant, cashier, checker, guard, runner, table manager, usher, watcher, or any other personnel performing such similar functions in a building structure, vessel, vehicle, or any other place where an illegal numbers game is operated or conducted.
g) Collector or Agent ('Cabo', 'Cobrador', 'Coriador' or variants thereof). - Any person who collects, solicits or produces bets in behalf of his/her principal for any illegal numbers game who is usually in possession of gambling paraphernalia.
h) Coordinator, Controller or Supervisor ('Encargado' or variants thereof). - Any person who exercises control and supervision over the collector or agent.
Social Gambling States Illegal
i) Maintainer, Manager or Operator. - Any person who maintains, manages or operates any illegal number game in a specific area from whom the coordinator, controller or supervisor, and collector or agent take orders.
j) Financiers or Capitalist. - Any person who finances the operations of any illegal numbers game.
k) Protector or Coddler. - Any person who lends or provides protection, or receives benefits in any manner in the operation of any illegal numbers game.
Sec. 3.Punishable Acts. - Any person who participates in any illegal numbers game shall suffer the following penalties:
a) The penalty of imprisonment from thirty (30) days to ninety (90) days, if such person acts as a bettor;
b) The penalty of imprisonment from six (6) years and one (1) day to eight (8) years, if such person acts as a personnel or staff of an illegal numbers game operation;
The same penalty shall likewise be imposed to any person who allows his vehicle, house, building or land to be used in the operation of the illegal numbers games.
c) The penalty of imprisonment from eight (8) years and one (1) day to ten (10) years, if such person acts as a collector or agent;
d) The penalty of imprisonment from ten (10) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years, if such person acts as a coordinator, controller or supervisor;
e) The penalty of imprisonment from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to ten (10) fourteen (14) years, if such person acts as a maintainer, manager or operator; and
f) The penalty of imprisonment from fourteen (14) years and one (1) day to sixteen (16) years, if such person acts as a financier or capitalist;
g) The penalty of imprisonment from sixteen (16) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years, if such person acts as protector or coddler.
Sec. 4.Possession of Gambling Paraphernalia or Materials. - The possession of any gambling paraphernalia and other materials used in the illegal numbers game operation shall be deemed prima facie evidence of any offense covered by this Act.
Sec. 5.Liability of Government Employees and/or Public Officials. - a) If the collector, agent, coordinator, controller, supervisor, maintainer, manager, operator, financier or capitalist of any illegal numbers game is a government employee and/or public official, whether elected or appointed shall suffer the penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from Three million pesos (P3,000,000.00) to Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00) and perpetual absolute disqualification from public office.
In addition to the penalty provided in the immediately preceding section, the accessory penalty of perpetual disqualification from public office shall be imposed upon any local government official who, having knowledge of the existence of the operation of any illegal numbers game in his/her jurisdiction, fails to abate or to take action, or tolerates the same in connection therewith.
b) In the case of failure to apprehend perpetrators of any illegal numbers game, any law enforcer shall suffer an administrative penalty of suspension or dismissal, as the case may be, to be imposed by the appropriate authority.
Sec. 6.Liability of Parents/Guardians. - The penalty of imprisonment from six (6) months and one (1) day to one (1) year or fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) shall be imposed upon any parent, guardian or person exercising moral authority or ascendancy over a minor, ward or incapacitated person, and not otherwise falling under any of the foregoing subsections, who induces or causes such minor, ward or incapacitated person to commit any of the offenses punishable in this Act. Upon conviction, the parent, guardian or person exercising moral authority or ascendancy over the minor, ward or incapacitated person shall be deprived of his/her authority over such person in addition to the penalty imposed.
Sec. 7.Recidivism. - The penalty next higher in degree as provided for under Section 3 hereof shall be imposed upon a recidivist who commits any of the offenses punishable in this Act.
Sec. 8.Immunity from Prosecution. - Any person who serves as a witness for the government or provides evidence in a criminal case involving any violation of this Act, or who voluntarily or by virtue of a subpoena testificandum or duces tecum, produces, identifies, or gives testimony shall be immune from any criminal prosecution, subject to the compliance with the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1732, otherwise known as Decree Providing Immunity from Criminal Prosecution to Government Witnesses and the pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court.
Sec. 9.Prosecution, Judgment and Forfeiture of Property. - Any person may be charged with or convicted of the offenses covered by this Act without prejudice to the prosecution of any act or acts penalized under the Revised Penal Code or existing laws.
During the pendency of the case, no property or income used or derived therefrom which may be confiscated and forfeited shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the same shall be in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for the release of the same.
The trial prosecutors shall avail of provisional remedies provided for under the Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure.
Upon conviction, all proceeds, gambling paraphernalia and other instruments of the crime including any real or personal property used in any illegal numbers game operation shall be confiscated and forfeited in favor of the State. All assets and properties of the accused either owned or held by him/her in his/her name or in the name of another person found to be manifestly out of proportion to his/her lawful income shall be prima facie presumed to be proceeds of the offense and shall likewise be confiscated and forfeited in favor of the State.
Sec. 10.Witness Protection. - Any person who provides material information, whether testimonial or documentary, necessary for the investigation or prosecution of individuals committing any of the offenses under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 herein shall be placed under the Witness Protection Program pursuant to Republic Act. No. 6981.
Sec. 11.Informer's Reward. - Any person who, having knowledge or information of any offense committed under this Act and who shall disclose the same which may lead to the arrest and final conviction of the offender, may be rewarded a certain percentage of the cash money or articles of value confiscated or forfeited in favor of the government, which shall be determined through a policy guideline promulgated by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in coordination with the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).
The DILG, the NAPOLCOM and the DOJ shall provide for a system of rewards and incentives for law enforcement officers and for local government official for the effective implementation of this Act.
Sec. 12.Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, the DILG, DOJ, NAPOLCOM, and other concerned government agencies shall jointly promulgate the implementing rules and regulations, as may be necessary to ensure the efficient and effective implementation of the provisions of this Act.
Legal And Illegal Gambling In The Philippines
Sec. 13.Separability Clause. - If for any reason any section or provision of this Act, or any portion thereof, or the application of such section, provision or portion thereof to any person, group or circumstance is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of this Act shall not be affected by such declaration and shall remain in force and effect.
Sec. 14.Amendatory Clause. - The pertinent provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1602, in so far as they are inconsistent herewith, are hereby expressly amended or modified accordingly.
Sec. 15.Repealing Clause. - The provisions of other laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
Sec. 16.Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.
How To Report Illegal Gambling
Approved,
FRANKLIN DRILON | JOSE DE VENECIA JR. |
This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 2547 and House Bill No. 6575 was finally passed by the Senate and House of Representatives on January 27, 2004 and February 4, 2004 respectively.
OSCAR G. YABES | ROBERTO P. NAZARENO |
Approved: April 2, 2004
Is Online Gambling Illegal
GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
President of the Philippines
The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation